INTRODUCTION:

Heart diseases are still the number one cause of death in the world, especially in the developed countries, both civilly and industrially, as the death rate from these diseases has reached nearly 50% in the western world^1-2. Diseases of the age, whose rates have begun to increase in recent decades, especially in developed countries. Smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol type LDL are all risk factors for heart disease. The lack of movement and activity, as well as family history, age and gender, and this is controlled by the hormones of the body^3. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are involved in causing heart diseases resulting from bacterial infections, and gram-positive bacteria have a greater share in causing heart diseases, especially bacterial infections.

Streptococcus spp such as Streptococcus viridians Streptococcus pyogens and other types in addition to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Enterococci in addition found gram negative bacteria fewer than gram negative such as pseudomonas auerginosa,Escherichia coli in addition to Aspergillus species, Brucella species,Coxiella burnetii, clamydiae species .innate immunity It is represented by a group of factors that include physical and chemical barriers and phagocytes, while acquired immunity is represented by humoral factors, lymphokines and complement. Cytokines represent a group of factors that act as immune regulators, which stimulate the secretion of these cytokines by the antigens presented by the cells presenting the antigens to the cells specialized in the secretion. (IL-10) is a pr oinflammatory, cytokine that is generated by CD4+ Th2 cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and macrophages in response to immune system-recognized antigens⁴. Interleukin 10 inhibits Th1 cell cytokine production and thus immediately prevents the liberation of inflammatory cytokines by neutrophils and monocytes Furthermore, Interleukin 10 can stimulate a variety of cell types, particularly B-cells and activated CD8+ T cells, which characterizes the behavior of Interleukin10 in immune regulation and provides a protective layer in patients with endocarditis and other heart diseases⁵. IL-35 is a cytokine that was first identified in 2007 as a member of the IL-12 family, which also includes IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27⁶. It is generated by stimulated CD4+CD25+foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with immunosuppressive properties and consists of two subunits – the Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3) protein and (p35) – forming a heterodimer. Interleukin-35 is an anti-inflammatory agent that prevents the proliferation of effector T cells. Cytokine and can effectively suppress Teff cell activity (including Th1, Th2, and Th17) and slow the progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases⁷.

Method:

The current study was conducted to investigate the bacterial causes associated with heart diseases, including endocarditis, pericarditis, atherosclerosis, various valve diseases and other heart diseases of both sexes and of different ages. People who visited Marjan Specialist Hospital given 150 blood samples. using sterile intravenous wine syringes. 5ML The blood sample was divided into two parts 3ml t is placed in tubes containing a coagulant gel and a blood separated by a centrifuge and separated by a centrifuge at a speed of 2500 RPM To obtain the serum, it is frozen in small, sterile apendrof tubes for the purpose of conducting immunological tests, and the second part takes 2ml from blood and add to 4ml from Brain heart infusion Broth media for blood culture and bacteriological study.

RESULTS:

The study included 150 patients suffering from various heart diseases. It included 90males and 60 females, from whom blood samples were taken. Blood samples were planted on different culture media. The culture results showed that 11 samples did not give growth to culture from the blood samples, and 139 blood samples were positive culture. The study revealed that the bacteria that cause heart inflammation was a bacterium Staphylococcus aureus ratio reached 34.75% followed bacteria Streptococcus viridins ratio reached 33.36% followed bacteria Streptococcus epidermis ratio 12.51% followed by Streptococcus pyogens 20.855 followed by E.coli ratio 27.8% followed bacteria P.aeruginosae ratio 30.58% Enterococcus31.97% followed bacteria K.pneumoniae 1.39% Table (1(.

Table (1(: Number and percentage of bacteria isolated from people with heart disease

Type of bacteria	Number	%
S.aureus	25	34.75%
S.pneumoniae	24	33.36%
S.viridans	9	12.51%
S.pyogenes	15	20.85%
E.coli	20	27.8%
P.aeruginosae	22	30.58%
Enterococcus	23	31.97%
K.pneumoniae	1	1.39%

IL10:

The current study's findings revealed a significant increase. in cellular motility values IL10 in the sera of infected patients compared to healthy control record the highest height in the age group (61-70) it reached 381.6667±16.56301pg/ml Compared to its value in healthy subjects and for the same group (299.0000±31.51190 pg/ml). The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the values of interleukin in the patients compared to the control as well as between the different age groups, while the age group (30-40) years showed the lowest concentration of this interleukin about (86.6667±11.23981pg/ml compared to the healthy and the same group Table 2.

Table (2) valuesIL10 in patient with heart disease and control

Age group	Patient	control
30-40	86.6667±11.23981	46.6667±7.63763
41-50	165.3333±10.50397	137.6667±7.09460
51-60	242.3333±11.59023	202.6667±18.14754
61-70	381.6667±16.56301	299.0000±31.51190

LSD= 5

IL35:

The current study's findings revealed a significant increase. in cellular motility values IL35 in the sera of infected patients compared to healthy control record the highest height in the age group (61-70) it reached (1722.6667±2067.59796pg/ml) Compared to its value in healthy subjects and for the same group (273.3333±226.35665g/ml). The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the values of interleukin in the patients compared to the control as well as between the different age groups, while the age group (41-50) years showed the lowest concentration of this interleukin reached (45.08141±26.02776pg/ml) compared to control and the same group Table

Table 3:valuesIL35 in patient with heart disease and control

Age group	Patient	control
30-40	654.6667±45.50092	595.0000±36.86462
41-50	45.08141±26.02776	893.6667±11.84624
51-60	859.6667±42.2532	763.6667±72.59706
61-70	1722.6667±2067.59796	273.3333±226.35665

LSD=8

Factors affecting on heart disease:

The study showed that there is a discrepancy in the rates of heart disease with age, if it was found the highest incidence of heart disease if the patients reached 46.6% in class age (61-70) Next is the age group (51-60) as it reached 33.3% and lowest in age group (30-40) years as it reached 6.6%. The study also showed that there is a relationship between the number of patients with heart disease and gender, as it was noted that the percentage of infected men was greater than it was in women if the percentages of infected men reached 60% While the proportion of women 40% . The study also showed that chronic diseases such as diabetes and pressure are related to heart disease, as the patients with diabetes were among the heart patients Where the percentage of people with diabetes were heart patients 53.33% While the patients with pressure were about 46.6%. The current study showed that the ratio of smoking reached 53.3%. from patients with heart disease.

DISCUSSION:

The results of the bacterial culture of the study samples showed that 11 samples did not give a positive result for culture and that 139 samples of the samples were positive for culture, which were grown on different culture media and included Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and were diagnosed microscopically and biochemically. The positive bacteria represented clear dominance compared to the negative bacteria. Some types of positive bacteria are coexisting with human⁸. The study showed that staph bacteria Staphylococcus aureus had the highest percentage of bacterial isolates, 34.75% followed bacteria Streptococcus viridins ratio reached 33.36% followed bacteria Streptococcus epidermis ratio 12.51% followed by Streptococcus pyogens 20.855 followed by E.coli ratio 27.8% followed bacteria P.aeruginosae ratio 30.58% Enterococcus 31.97% followed bacteria K.pneumoniae 1.39% The prevelance of these bacteria hug amounts in catheterization patient populations indicates that the patient was previously infected with these species, and these bacteria may reoccur due to their ability to resist antibiotics and harsh extreme environments⁹. The aortic valve is the main target of endocardia and mitral valves when "viridans" streptococci are involved; however, with I V drug users, (Staphylococcus aureus) is commonly encountered and usually affects the right side valves. This study has been aggregated with¹⁰. Streptococcus pneumonia (7.41 percent) was the second gram positive bacteria that caused bacteremia in our study. . Pneumococci are common bacteria that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, bronchitis, and bacteremia. They live in the upper respiratory tracts of 4-5 percent of individuals. Viral or other respiratory tract illness, as well as aberrant circulatory dynamics, are likely factors that reduce or eliminate patient resistant immune cells, predisposing to pneumococcal infection¹¹. Pseudomonas aeroginosa had the highest reported incidence of gram negative bacteria, accounting for 30.58 percent. Hospitalized patients demonstrated increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeroginosa infection in some cases as a result widespread use of antibiotics promotes overgrowth of antibiotic resistant strains of gram negative bacilli such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as debilitation associated with concomitant illness and, in some cases, the administration of immunosuppressive medicines, likewise vast use of antibiotics promotes overgrowth of antibiotic resistant strains of gram negative bacilli such as pseudomonas aeruginosa In addition to potential lipopolysaccharide resistance, these organisms are frequently resistant to a wide range of medicines.¹²

IL10:

The current study's findings revealed a significant increase in the kinetic values in the sera of the infected people compared to the healthy ones, and the highest increase was recorded in the age group (61-70). As it reached (381.6667±16.56301) compared to control as the same group (299.0000±31.51190). IL-10 appears to be important in atherosclerosis, according to several lines of evidence. IL-10 is anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties have been demonstrated in several mouse models of atherosclerosis¹³. Moreover, serum IL-10 levels have been shown to be higher in people with atherosclerosis compared to controls¹⁴^-
1⁵. IT IS, an anti-inflammatory molecule, might well be risen in response to atherosclerosis' pro-inflammatory climate ¹⁶.

IL35:

The current study's findings revealed a significant increase in the kinetic values in the sera of the infected people compared to the healthy ones, and the highest increase was recorded in the age group (61-70). As it reached (1722.6667±2067.59796) compared to control as the same group (273.3333±226.35665). ItInterleukin-35 has been related to coronary artery disease¹⁷. This study agreements with¹⁸ who show that the elevated concentration of IL-35 was associated with cardiovascular diseases and positively correlation .IT is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family and is comprised of two chains: p35 and EBI3¹⁹.

Factors affecting on heart disease:

According to the current study, age is an important agent in the expansion of heart disease. It is unmistakably linked to the rise in mortality rates as it was found that 60 percent of those who die from heart disease are from the age of 60 and above²⁰. The study showed that gender had an effect on heart statistics rates, and revealed the incidence of infection in men more than women, and the explanation for this was due to the difference in hormones in both sexes, in females the presence of estrogen, which has a protective role, and the risk increases after menopause^21-22. The study showed that there is a correlation between various heart diseases and diabetes, as the incidence of 53.3% While the percentage of patients with blood pressure 46.6% this study agreement with²^3-24. where it was found for patients with heart disease, it is related to diabetes as well as pressure Smoking also serves to increase the risk of heart diseases and the current study showed that 43.33% of heart patients are smokers, and it is linked to the role of smoking in increasing platelet aggregation and contributes to the closure and hardening of the arteries through the decrease in susceptibility to fibrous lysis^25-26.

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Received on 07.03.2022 Modified on 18.05.2022

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2022; 15(10):4499-4502.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00754